Biological Agents
Risk of:
- Infection e.g. Legionnaires' disease, blood borne virus.
 
Possible causes:
- Stagnation of water system or failure to maintain water system.
 - Inappropriate storage and disposal of healthcare risk waste.
 
Chemical Agents
Risk of:
- Adverse health effects such as burns, dermatitis and respiratory problem.
 - Fire.
 - Resident/visitor being able to access hazardous chemicals.
 
Possible causes:
- Exposure to hazardous chemicals such as cleaning chemicals and disinfectants.
 - Sensitisation to latex e.g. use of powdered latex gloves.
 - Mixing incompatible chemicals.
 - Chemicals not stored appropriately.
 
Electricity
Risk of:
- Burns.
 - Electric shock.
 - Death.
 - Fire.
 
Possible causes:
- Faulty or damaged equipment e.g. damaged plugs and cords.
 - Wet contact with electrical equipment.
 - No or poor maintenance of equipment.
 - Overloading of electrical sockets.
 - Improper use of equipment.
 - Residual Current Device (RCD) not working.
 
Ergonomic Hazards
Risk of:
- Strains in the neck, back, shoulder or arms and other musculoskeletal disorders.
 
Possible causes:
- Adopting awkward or stooped postures whilst cleaning or vaccuming e.g. reaching above shoulder height, bending below knee height, working in confined space.
 - Using equipment that requires considerable effort to use or repetitive gripping action.
 - Lifting heavy equipment e.g. vacuum cleaners.
 - Poorly designed or unsuitable equipment.
 
Falling Objects
Risk of:
- Minor injuries such as cuts and bruises to serious injury.
 
Possible causes:
- Lack of space resulting in goods falling from shelf.
 - Unsafe system of stacking.
 
 
Fire
Risk of:
- Smoke inhalation.
 - Burns.
 - Death.
 
Possible causes:
- Overloaded sockets or extension leads.
 - Faulty equipment.
 - No or poor maintenance of equipment.
 - Blocked or obstructed fire exits.
 - Accumulation of rubbish.
 - Escape routes not clearly marked.
 - Goods stored too close to lights.
 
Manual Handling
Risk of:
- Back injury, sprains and strains.
 
Possible causes:
- Lack of mechanical handling equipment e.g. trolleys and other aids.
 - Lifting and moving heavy items such as furniture.
 
Slips, Trips and Falls
Risk of:
- Minor injuries such as cuts to major injuries such as broken bones, concussion and even death.
 
Possible causes:
- Uneven floors, loose or torn carpeting, broken tiles.
 - Obstructed floors, surfaces or aisles.
 - Trailing leads / electric cords across walkways.
 - Unsafe system of work for mopping floors.
 - Poor housekeeping.
 - Poor lighting.
 - Unsuitable footwear.
 
Note: This is not an exhaustive list of hazards and risks.